Everything you need to know about rice

In India, Pakistan and the Middle East, basmati rice is king. Pure Basmati rice can only be grown and harvested in one place on Earth, at the foothills of the Himalayas.The grains are longer and slender than standard long grain rice, and aromatic with a subtle nutty flavour. Once cooked, the grains fluff up and separate, complementing curries and other heavily spiced dishes. It can be bought in white (the most common), brown (which is even nuttier) and easy cook varieties. All popular rice-based dishes from India are best made with basmati. Uniquely, the Basmati grain expands more than twice its dry length during cooking. Unlike other types of rice the grains only expand lengthways resulting in the grains retaining their long slender characteristic when cooked. The open texture of Basmati allows the grain to absorb other flavours, making it well suited to a whole host of recipes and cuisines.

With the bran layer intact, wholegrain rice has a distinctive nutty flavour. It is rich in nutrients and natural fibre, making it the ultimate rice for a healthy lifestyle, and has a low to medium GI which helps you feel fuller for longer. It is delicious in soups, salads, vegetable mixtures such as ratatouille and stronger flavoured casseroles.

With a deep purple, almost black colour and all sorts of health benefits, black rice has enjoyed a cult following for many years. It’s also known as forbidden rice because it used to be reserved for the Emperor of China and his family – anyone else caught eating it would be put to death. The grains have a delicate aroma and firm texture, are full of antioxidants and add eye-catching flair to any dish. Black rice goes particularly well with Chinese dishes.

Jasmine rice (also known as Thai fragrant rice) is a shorter grain with a sticky texture. The sticky grains are glutinous, perfect for accompanying sauces that cling to the rice easily. Jasmine rice is particularly well suited to Thai cuisine, but works well with the majority of Chinese and South East Asian dishes.

This rice is popular in the world and is used in all manner of dishes, from Chinese to Mexican. The grains remain very separate once cooked and have a very subtle flavour, which makes it a particularly versatile ingredient. It is a staple in Chinese cuisine but is also used in dishes across the globe.

There are several different paella rice varieties favoured throughout Spain, but the most well-known are bomba and calasparra. These grains are much shorter than long-grain, almost spherical in appearance, and absorb twice as much liquid as longer varieties. Paella rice doesn’t stick together as it retains most of its starch content as it cooks, instead absorbing the other flavours in a dish as it plumps up. Unsurprisingly, paella rice is reserved for making paella, a dish which isn’t stirred as it cooks, which helps the grains retain their starch.

A generic British term for short-grain rice, pudding rice is round and releases plenty of starch while cooking (which is helped along by regular stirring), resulting in a creamy finish and soft texture. It is used to make various rice puddings.

Risotto rice comes in many forms which come from different regions of Italy. Arborio is the most common, but carnaroli and vialone nano are seen as superior (all of which are grown in and around Piedmont). The grains release lots of starch as they cook, resulting in a creamy, tender mass as the rice absorbs liquid. Used to make risotto, they also form the base of arancini.

Slightly sticky but with grains that remain defined and separate once cooked, sushi rice has just the right amount of starch to be shaped into balls which won’t fall apart. The short-grain varieties used in sushi are known as uruchimai and have a sweet flavour, with the majority being grown in Japan. However, California, Italy and Spain also grow a large amount of sushi rice for their respective local markets.